aboalsoof
09-17-2006, 02:51 AM
هذه بعض المراجع المفيدة في الكيمياء
Atomic Structure بنية الذرة
Atomic orbtials (1s-4f) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atomic_structure/orbitals/orbitals.html) Chime
Atomic orbitals electron densities (1s and 2p) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atomic_structure/ao.html) Chime
Atomic Orbitals (1s and 2p) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atomic_structure/aovrml.html) VRMLChemical Bonding الروابط الكيميائية
Crystals Unit Cells (SC, FCC, BCC, HCP, diamond and graphite) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/crystal/crystal.html) Chime
Crystal Models (NaCl and wurtizite) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/crystal/example.html) Chime
Electron Densities in a Covalent Bond (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/covalent1.html) Chime
Ionic vs. Covalent Bond (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/covalent2.html) Chime
Dipole Moment and Electron Density (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/dipole.html) Chime
Bond Polarity (from Spartan) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/polar.html)
VSEPR (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/vsepr1.html) Chime and VRML
Crystal Stacking (FCC and HCP) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/crystalstacking.html) Chime
Network Solids (diamond, graphite and buckyball) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/carbon.html) Chime and VRML
Simple chemical structures (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/structure.html) Chime
Bonding and Chemical Structures of CO2, NO2 and O3 (http://michele.usc.edu/cttc/mak/bonding_co2_no2_o3.html) Chime
3D structures of graphite, buckyballs and nanotubes (http://michele.usc.edu/cttc/bradforth/carbon_nanotube.html)Properties of Solutions صفات المحاليل
The Solubility Calculator (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/bruno/java/solub.html) Java
Forensic Detective (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/solutions/crime.html) Java
Interactive tutorial: Solubility Rules (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/105afall98/bau_mak/tutorials/sol_rule.html) JavascriptThermochemistry الكيمياء الحرارية
Hess's Law: CH4 + 2 O2 --> CO2 + 2 H2O (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/thermochemistry/hess.html) NoneAqueous Equilibria
Equilibrium calculator (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/equilibrium/equilibrium.php) for a reaction with up to 6 reactants and 6 products php/gd
Equilibrium calculator (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/equilibrium/more_eq.php) for a system of 2 reactions php
Explaining the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/aqueous_equilibria/Henderson.html)
Solubulity Applet graphs relative solubilities and calculates data (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/aqueous_equilibria/solub.html) Java
Solubility Lookup by anion and cation (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/aqueous_equilibria/sol_rule.html) JavascriptElectrochemistry الكيمياء الكهربية
Battery and Electric Car information (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/electrochemistry/battery.html)
Electrochemical cell - example calculation of free energy (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/electrochemistry/cuzn.html)
Electrolysis yields - Example calculation (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/electrochemistry/gold_hunting.htm)Main Group Chemistry كيمياء المجموعات الرئيسية
Periodic trends Applet (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/java/ptable/ptable.html) JavaTransition Metal Chemistry كيمياء المعادن الإنتقالية
Shapes of common complexes with pictures and models (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/transition/shapes.htm) Chime
Coordination Complexes of Co3+ (electronic config. colors and spins of five complexes of cobalt (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/transition/ligand.html) Chime
Models of common polydentate ligands (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/transition/polydentate.html) ChimeOrganic Chemistry الكيمياء العضوية
Alkane Isomers Simple alkanes and their isomers (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/organic/alkanes.html) Chime
Orbitals in two carbon molecules Models of ethane, ethene and ethyne and pictures of the pi bonds in the latter two (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/organic/c2orb.html) Chime
Organic functional groups - models and interactive materials describing the basic organic functional groups (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/organic/group.htm) Java,Javascript,Chime
Interesting Organic Molecules - their sturctures and some background information (http://michele.usc.edu/molecules/index.html) Chime
Animation for mechanism of polyethylene formation (http://michele.usc.edu/java/poly.html) java
Animation for mechanism of a peptide formation (http://michele.usc.edu/java/pept.html) Java
A Tale of Two Polymers Why are Kevlar and Polypropylene different? (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/biochemistry/2polymers.html) Chime
Advanced - Hydrogenation of maelic and fumarix acids How cis/trans isomerism can lead to different reaction products (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/organic/hydro.html) Chime.
Rotational modes of linear and non-linear molecules (http://michele.usc.edu/322b/ir/rotate.html) Chime.Miscellaneous متنوعـــــــــــــــــــــــات
Resource collection (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/bruno/java/javaap.html) Java - perl -chimeAtomic Nature of Matter الطبيعة الذرية للمادة
Atomistic simulation of the three phases of matter (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atoms/nacl.html) Chime
Elements, Compounds, Mixtures (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atoms/pure.html) Chime
Law of Multiple Proportions (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atoms/multiple.html) Chime
Interactive tutorial: Naming Simple Compounds (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/105afall98/bau_mak/tutorials/name_comp.html) JavascriptGas Law قوانين الغازات
The Gas Simulator (http://michele.usc.edu/java/gas/gassiminst.html) Java
Dry Lab: Gas Simulator (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/gases/gassim.html) Java
Hard sphere gas simulator: 2 different molecules (http://celiah.usc.edu/collide/1/) Java
Hard sphere gas simulator: one type of molecule (http://heat.usc.edu/test/new/HSgas.html) Java
Atmospheric Chemistry -- Composition Measurements and Unit Conversion (http://michele.usc.edu/cttc/mak/unit_conv_atmosphere.html) JavascriptStoichiometry الحساب الكيميائي
Name that Compound (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/stoichiometry/name.html) Chime
Animation: Reaction Stoichiometry (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/stoichiometry/rxnstoich.html) Chime
Interactive tutorial: Determing Chemical Formula from Mass Percentages (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/105afall98/bau_mak/tutorials/emp_form.html) Javascript
Balancing Chemical Equations (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/java/balance/balance.html) JavaBasic Math الرياضيات الأساسية
Interactive tutorial: Units Conversion (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/105afall98/bau_mak/tutorials/unit_conv.html) Javascript
Interactive tutorial: Significant Figures (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/105afall98/bau_mak/tutorials/sig_fig.html) JavascriptAcid Base Chemistry كيمياء الأحماض والقواعد
Step by step solution for computing the pH of a weak base (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/acidbase/baseeq1.html)
Acid Base Titration Simulator (http://michele.usc.edu/java/acidbase/acidbase.html) Java
Acid Base Titration graphing Simulator (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/Bruno/java/titration/)Java
Some common bases - Equilibrium Constants and Structures (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/acid+base/amines.html) Chime
Step by step guide to computing the pH when you add a strong acid to water (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/acidbase/water1.html)
Step by step guide to computing the pH when you add a strong acid to an acetate buffer (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/acidbase/buffer1.html)
Buffer Titration tutorial webquiz (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/webquiz/acidbase/acid1.html)Biochemistry الكيمياء الحيوية
A table of the amino acids and their structures (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/a-acids/Aminoacids.htm) Javascript,Chime
Polyalanine - How to build polyalanine alpha helix (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/biochemistry/peptides.html) Chime
Vasopressin and Oxytocin - two similar nine amino acid peptides have vastly different functions (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/biochemistry/vasoxy.html) Chime
Proteins models of Rhodopsin, HIV-1 protease, HIV Reverse Transcriptase, Myoglobin, and carboxypeptidase with a variety of buttons to change display modes (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/biochemistry/proteins.html) Chime
DNA Models of the various bases, sugars and DNA (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/biochemistry/dnaframe.html) Chime
Understanding nucleic acids (http://heat.usc.edu/chem203/resources/DNA/dna_structure.html) Chime
Fischer projections and Chime models of several small sugars and glucose (http://michele.usc.edu/322b/biochemistry/fischer/fischer1.html) ChimeChemical Kinetics الكيمياء الحركية
The kinetics simulator - A java based simulator that can show various types of reactions (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/simulator.html) Java
Simulator - NO2 time decay using absolute rate constants (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/simn2o5.html) Java
Simulator - NO2 time decay using activation energy barriers (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/simn2o5energy.html) Java
Simulator - bimolecular reaction using absolute rate constants (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/simabcd.html) Java
Simulator - Bimolecular reaction using activation energy barriers (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/simabcdenergy.html) Java
The simulator with initial conditions designed to mimic a rate limiting step reaction (A B C) using absolute rates (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/abc.html)Java
Simulator - Rate limiting step reaction (A -> B -> C) using activation energies (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/abcenergy.html) Java
The origin of the steric factor in Arrhenius' Equation (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/kinetics/brhi.html) Chime
Advanced - how the enzyme Catalase acts as a catalyst in the decomposition of H2O2 (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/Kinetics/catalase1.html) Chime
Advanced - ultrafast kinetics in Proteins (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/Kinetics/prckinetics.html) Chimehttp://www.khayma.com/muhannad/chem%20links/headers/images/line.gif
Atomic Structure بنية الذرة
Atomic orbtials (1s-4f) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atomic_structure/orbitals/orbitals.html) Chime
Atomic orbitals electron densities (1s and 2p) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atomic_structure/ao.html) Chime
Atomic Orbitals (1s and 2p) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atomic_structure/aovrml.html) VRMLChemical Bonding الروابط الكيميائية
Crystals Unit Cells (SC, FCC, BCC, HCP, diamond and graphite) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/crystal/crystal.html) Chime
Crystal Models (NaCl and wurtizite) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/crystal/example.html) Chime
Electron Densities in a Covalent Bond (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/covalent1.html) Chime
Ionic vs. Covalent Bond (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/covalent2.html) Chime
Dipole Moment and Electron Density (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/dipole.html) Chime
Bond Polarity (from Spartan) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/polar.html)
VSEPR (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/vsepr1.html) Chime and VRML
Crystal Stacking (FCC and HCP) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/crystalstacking.html) Chime
Network Solids (diamond, graphite and buckyball) (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/carbon.html) Chime and VRML
Simple chemical structures (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/bonding/structure.html) Chime
Bonding and Chemical Structures of CO2, NO2 and O3 (http://michele.usc.edu/cttc/mak/bonding_co2_no2_o3.html) Chime
3D structures of graphite, buckyballs and nanotubes (http://michele.usc.edu/cttc/bradforth/carbon_nanotube.html)Properties of Solutions صفات المحاليل
The Solubility Calculator (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/bruno/java/solub.html) Java
Forensic Detective (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/solutions/crime.html) Java
Interactive tutorial: Solubility Rules (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/105afall98/bau_mak/tutorials/sol_rule.html) JavascriptThermochemistry الكيمياء الحرارية
Hess's Law: CH4 + 2 O2 --> CO2 + 2 H2O (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/thermochemistry/hess.html) NoneAqueous Equilibria
Equilibrium calculator (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/equilibrium/equilibrium.php) for a reaction with up to 6 reactants and 6 products php/gd
Equilibrium calculator (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/equilibrium/more_eq.php) for a system of 2 reactions php
Explaining the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/aqueous_equilibria/Henderson.html)
Solubulity Applet graphs relative solubilities and calculates data (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/aqueous_equilibria/solub.html) Java
Solubility Lookup by anion and cation (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/aqueous_equilibria/sol_rule.html) JavascriptElectrochemistry الكيمياء الكهربية
Battery and Electric Car information (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/electrochemistry/battery.html)
Electrochemical cell - example calculation of free energy (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/electrochemistry/cuzn.html)
Electrolysis yields - Example calculation (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/electrochemistry/gold_hunting.htm)Main Group Chemistry كيمياء المجموعات الرئيسية
Periodic trends Applet (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/java/ptable/ptable.html) JavaTransition Metal Chemistry كيمياء المعادن الإنتقالية
Shapes of common complexes with pictures and models (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/transition/shapes.htm) Chime
Coordination Complexes of Co3+ (electronic config. colors and spins of five complexes of cobalt (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/transition/ligand.html) Chime
Models of common polydentate ligands (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/transition/polydentate.html) ChimeOrganic Chemistry الكيمياء العضوية
Alkane Isomers Simple alkanes and their isomers (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/organic/alkanes.html) Chime
Orbitals in two carbon molecules Models of ethane, ethene and ethyne and pictures of the pi bonds in the latter two (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/organic/c2orb.html) Chime
Organic functional groups - models and interactive materials describing the basic organic functional groups (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/organic/group.htm) Java,Javascript,Chime
Interesting Organic Molecules - their sturctures and some background information (http://michele.usc.edu/molecules/index.html) Chime
Animation for mechanism of polyethylene formation (http://michele.usc.edu/java/poly.html) java
Animation for mechanism of a peptide formation (http://michele.usc.edu/java/pept.html) Java
A Tale of Two Polymers Why are Kevlar and Polypropylene different? (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/biochemistry/2polymers.html) Chime
Advanced - Hydrogenation of maelic and fumarix acids How cis/trans isomerism can lead to different reaction products (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/organic/hydro.html) Chime.
Rotational modes of linear and non-linear molecules (http://michele.usc.edu/322b/ir/rotate.html) Chime.Miscellaneous متنوعـــــــــــــــــــــــات
Resource collection (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/bruno/java/javaap.html) Java - perl -chimeAtomic Nature of Matter الطبيعة الذرية للمادة
Atomistic simulation of the three phases of matter (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atoms/nacl.html) Chime
Elements, Compounds, Mixtures (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atoms/pure.html) Chime
Law of Multiple Proportions (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/atoms/multiple.html) Chime
Interactive tutorial: Naming Simple Compounds (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/105afall98/bau_mak/tutorials/name_comp.html) JavascriptGas Law قوانين الغازات
The Gas Simulator (http://michele.usc.edu/java/gas/gassiminst.html) Java
Dry Lab: Gas Simulator (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/gases/gassim.html) Java
Hard sphere gas simulator: 2 different molecules (http://celiah.usc.edu/collide/1/) Java
Hard sphere gas simulator: one type of molecule (http://heat.usc.edu/test/new/HSgas.html) Java
Atmospheric Chemistry -- Composition Measurements and Unit Conversion (http://michele.usc.edu/cttc/mak/unit_conv_atmosphere.html) JavascriptStoichiometry الحساب الكيميائي
Name that Compound (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/stoichiometry/name.html) Chime
Animation: Reaction Stoichiometry (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/stoichiometry/rxnstoich.html) Chime
Interactive tutorial: Determing Chemical Formula from Mass Percentages (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/105afall98/bau_mak/tutorials/emp_form.html) Javascript
Balancing Chemical Equations (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/java/balance/balance.html) JavaBasic Math الرياضيات الأساسية
Interactive tutorial: Units Conversion (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/105afall98/bau_mak/tutorials/unit_conv.html) Javascript
Interactive tutorial: Significant Figures (http://michele.usc.edu/105a/105afall98/bau_mak/tutorials/sig_fig.html) JavascriptAcid Base Chemistry كيمياء الأحماض والقواعد
Step by step solution for computing the pH of a weak base (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/acidbase/baseeq1.html)
Acid Base Titration Simulator (http://michele.usc.edu/java/acidbase/acidbase.html) Java
Acid Base Titration graphing Simulator (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/Bruno/java/titration/)Java
Some common bases - Equilibrium Constants and Structures (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/acid+base/amines.html) Chime
Step by step guide to computing the pH when you add a strong acid to water (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/acidbase/water1.html)
Step by step guide to computing the pH when you add a strong acid to an acetate buffer (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/acidbase/buffer1.html)
Buffer Titration tutorial webquiz (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/webquiz/acidbase/acid1.html)Biochemistry الكيمياء الحيوية
A table of the amino acids and their structures (http://chemmac1.usc.edu/a-acids/Aminoacids.htm) Javascript,Chime
Polyalanine - How to build polyalanine alpha helix (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/biochemistry/peptides.html) Chime
Vasopressin and Oxytocin - two similar nine amino acid peptides have vastly different functions (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/biochemistry/vasoxy.html) Chime
Proteins models of Rhodopsin, HIV-1 protease, HIV Reverse Transcriptase, Myoglobin, and carboxypeptidase with a variety of buttons to change display modes (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/biochemistry/proteins.html) Chime
DNA Models of the various bases, sugars and DNA (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/biochemistry/dnaframe.html) Chime
Understanding nucleic acids (http://heat.usc.edu/chem203/resources/DNA/dna_structure.html) Chime
Fischer projections and Chime models of several small sugars and glucose (http://michele.usc.edu/322b/biochemistry/fischer/fischer1.html) ChimeChemical Kinetics الكيمياء الحركية
The kinetics simulator - A java based simulator that can show various types of reactions (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/simulator.html) Java
Simulator - NO2 time decay using absolute rate constants (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/simn2o5.html) Java
Simulator - NO2 time decay using activation energy barriers (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/simn2o5energy.html) Java
Simulator - bimolecular reaction using absolute rate constants (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/simabcd.html) Java
Simulator - Bimolecular reaction using activation energy barriers (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/simabcdenergy.html) Java
The simulator with initial conditions designed to mimic a rate limiting step reaction (A B C) using absolute rates (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/abc.html)Java
Simulator - Rate limiting step reaction (A -> B -> C) using activation energies (http://michele.usc.edu/java/kinetics/abcenergy.html) Java
The origin of the steric factor in Arrhenius' Equation (http://michele.usc.edu/105b/kinetics/brhi.html) Chime
Advanced - how the enzyme Catalase acts as a catalyst in the decomposition of H2O2 (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/Kinetics/catalase1.html) Chime
Advanced - ultrafast kinetics in Proteins (http://michele.usc.edu/classpages/chem105b/resources/Kinetics/prckinetics.html) Chimehttp://www.khayma.com/muhannad/chem%20links/headers/images/line.gif